Davis was charged by Pearland (TX) police with possession of a controlled substance, which is a Class A misdemeanor.
Davis had played sparingly this season, appearing in five games. He has been credited with four tackles.
A school spokesperson told the American-Statesman that the football program is "aware of the situation and are dealing with it at this time."
The defensive back is the second Longhorn to be arrested this month. Redshirt freshman D.J. Monroe was suspended indefinitely following his arrest driving while intoxicated on Nov. 14.